The luminosity, a measure of power output, of a star can be derived from the mass, distance and apparent magnitude and vice versa. Other properties can also be inferred from the luminosity.
Compute the luminosity of a star of specified mass:
Compute luminosity from apparent magnitude and distance:
Due to the expansion of the universe caused by the Big Bang, the properties of the universe have changed over time.
Compute cosmological properties of the universe:
Compute cosmological properties, given a redshift:
The properties of a black hole are determined primarily by its mass and type.
Compute properties of a black hole:
Compute properties of a rotating black hole:
Asteroid impacts are dependent on many factors that can affect the properties of the resulting crater and many other effects.
Calculate the outcome of an asteroid impact:
Cosmic ray exposure can be significant at higher elevations, especially for long periods of time.
Find out how many cosmic rays reach Earth: